Concepts Discussions

The different ways to charge a battery

2025-12-08T00:53:25.4130000

I also have purchased the smaller Universal Charger, which refurbishes all types of batteries. I started the large battery project with it, but because it was intended for smaller batteries I thought I should use the industrial types to speed up the process.

The Universal charger has given new life to my collection of automotive batteries, as long as the cells have not swelled too much from winter freezing. I have dozens of 10+ year old refurbished batteries: 26 were 7V Prius "BAD" NiMH modules that I got online, which are ~20 years old.

I accidently revived a Lithium razor battery thinking it was NiMH, which is not recommended, however, the charger was very effective nonetheless.

Every experimenter should have something like this, to keep ALS batteries desulfated and NiMH at full capacity. If you have not made your own radiant energy battery charger, consider getting something like the RC-1AU Universal Battery Charger.

Electromagnetic Field Resonance

2024-06-18T21:19:45.1770000

Seems I come back to this every now and then, in my head it seems like it should work, but physically designing it and building it eludes me.

So I had another very through chat with chatgpt4. I'm convinced that no magnetic field is actually static, which is like blasphemy in the scientific field when it comes to permanent magnets.

If we look at how the atoms in iron can align their electrons together to create a magnetic field. Then take into account that all these electrons are moving (albeit small distances within the individual atoms). Then shouldn't the magnetic field that these electrons are producing move also at the same rate they are moving around the atoms.

The short answer I got from chat gpt is they would be moving in Terra hertz frequencies. Meaning that a permanent magnet made from iron actually has a magnetic field that is essentially vibrating at this same frequency due to the magnetic field being attached to these moving electrons within the atoms of the iron.

I looked it up and Electrons "orbit" Iron atoms at approximately 57,000,000 m/s.

Then if we go back to basics of induction, the speed at which a magnetic field moves (and this is moving wicked fast even if only microscopic distances) then the speed of this movement alone should generate something if the inductor is properly tuned to the rate at which the electrons are orbiting the atoms of the iron magnet. In speculation it seems this should create a very high frequency AC current in the inductor if it is properly tuned to the rate of orbit of the electrons in the iron.

I can picture it all in my head, but where I'm struggling with figuring this out is my lack of knowledge when it comes to electrical power itself and things like inductance and how to build a coil that's supposed to resonate at a specific frequency.

What I picture is a coil wrapped around an iron magnetized core that is in tune with the frequency at which the literal electrons are orbiting the iron atoms.

The Zero-Point Field

2023-02-19T12:54:46.4300000

Let's meet the Zero-Point/Quantum/Vacuum/Aether field, however we want to name it.

"The Schwinger effect states that in the presence of strong enough electric fields, (charged) particles and their antiparticle counterparts will be ripped from the quantum vacuum, empty space itself, to become real. Theorized by Julian Schwinger in 1951, the predictions were validated in a tabletop experiment, using a quantum analogue system, for the first time."

This is the energy source all our machines are getting their extra-energy from.

My prediction is: the most advanced Beyond-Unity devices of the future will not need input energy at all. And the secret of building those machines are the Metamaterials - artificial materials engineered to have specific properties not found anywhere in nature. For our specific field of research that would mean metamaterials designed to interact directly with the zero-point quantum fluctuations, get their energy and convert it to the kind of energy we gonna need - thermal, electrical or even mechanical energy.

But until we gonna be so advanced to create that kind of metamaterials the current way of getting that extra-energy is by using high-frequency opposing magnetic fields and asymmetric open systems using the energy from the input as our devices do.

We all heard this kind of arguments like "you can't create something from nothing !" or "there is no such thing as a free lunch !", right ?

Well, as we already proved with our devices those arguments were never true, we can get extra-energy for free from the zero-point field in our Beyond-Unity devices.

Even the "official" science acknowledged it recently:

70-year-old quantum prediction comes true, as something is created from nothing

More that that, the "official" science finally acknowledged there is energy in the zero-point field:

3 independent proofs that quantum fields carry energy

And this is our current way to open a window to that energy, gather it and convert it:

"...calculating the zero-point energy of space is beyond the present capability of physicists. Nevertheless, quantum fields must be considered real, as they carry energy and have both calculable and measurable effects on the light and matter within the Universe."

I'll add more related articles and proofs in the future about this field which is present anywhere in the Universe and which our machines are opening a window to and get their extra-energy from.

We are living in a sea of energy !

Fighter

A different perspective.

2024-10-28T03:27:11.6030000

About a hundred years ago, an important factor was removed from mathematical solutions. Today some people know.
Scalar wave applications. The electron is pressurised, not propelled.

Some researchers have figured this out and put it into practice.
Some concepts.
Negative energy-negative time, time-reversed electron, pumped phase cone conjugate mirror, Kozirev mirror, non-Lirish optics,Woodpecker radar (Duga).

We see examples of this in energetics, or in medicine, or even in weaponry.
We don't have to be mathematicians, but we have to accept the facts. Some videos are worth watching.
Look around the world today what is happening. With an open mind, read up on it.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M12CJIuX8D4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-pTERbyEsY&list=PLu1ghKT2dseIGvoLQisN4xEZLddUgmnEN&index=7

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DUu6OoQklk

Submarine PAJVA-M1 27:00

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s0XDsBiI7M

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3esn6wmi10

Alaxander Mishin coil. Purely E field.

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Alexander+Mishin

https://ai-xtech.eu/ Distribution EU and Canada.

https://wavegenetics.org/en/

Atti.

Canceling self-induction in electromagnets

2024-11-08T20:41:08.8430000

I have been studying for a while the concept of canceling self-induction in electromagnets. This, in my oppinion, is the Holy Grail of highly energy efficient machines. The idea is to make an electromagnet be part of a LC circuit. At resonance XL (inductive reactance) and XC (capacitive reactance) are equal and opposite, so they "cancel" each other out, making the overall impedance the pure ohmic resistance of the conductor itself. This would increase the overall efficiency of the electromagnet assembly (be it in a motor or elsewhere). If you want to read more about this, patent US 512'340 is all about that (you have it attached) and also "The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla", "On electrical resonance" section of the book.

I have tryed using all kind of motor electromagnets and capacitor combinations but I can't seem to attain the desired effect (canceling of self induction). There is allways higher than ohmic resistance impedance in the circuits. It is important to mention that I have used coil+capacitor assemblies with the coils having inductance of at least 50mH (Examples: 350W Three phase induction motor coils, 100W Monophase induction motor coils, relay coils, etc). I say this because Nikola Tesla in US 512'340 made the capacitor, part of the coil itself, thru a very interesting winding of it. I haven't tryed that aproach, yet. That should hold some promise.

Anyway I write this because I have hit a wall and I hope that toghether we can pass thru it.

Regards,

Vasile

P.S.: Fighter, is there a day/night luminosity mode on this site? The white text on dark background is hitting my eyes hard. Thank you.

SRM motors - possible overunity, the principle

2025-01-22T21:04:39.7100000

Hello,
I was experimenting a bit out of boredom and came up with this experiment:
I disassembled an old EI transformer (220V/12V). Using the E-shaped parts and the 220V winding, I made an electromagnet. I connected a starting electrolytic capacitor to it to create an LC circuit with a resonant frequency of about 10 Hz. I pulsed the LC circuit using PWM at its resonant frequency. From the I-shaped parts of the transformer, I made a block, which I brought close to the pulsing electromagnet. The I-block oscillated strongly in my hand, and when I moved it closer to the electromagnet, it stuck to it and wouldn’t come off until I turned off the pulsing (8V, 250mA, duty cycle 45%).
Using a multimeter and oscilloscope, I found that the LC circuit consumed roughly the same amount of power, whether the oscillating I-block was near the electromagnet (oscillating strongly) or stuck to it completely, or even when it was absent—any difference in power consumption was negligible, despite me applying a significant braking force with my hand.
Now, here’s my question:
Imagine we have a switched reluctance motor (SRM) where the rotation of the rotor does not influence the magnetic field of the excitation coils with an opposing magnetic field (unlike standard motors). Instead, it operates on the same principle as my vibrating I-block. If we connected the phase coils of the SRM motor into LC circuits and pulsed them at the resonant frequency of the LC circuits, what efficiency could such an SRM motor achieve?
Does anyone have experience with SRM motors?

I want to thoroughly test the energy efficiency of SRM motors.
I understand the physical principle of generating mechanical energy (the motion of a conductor in a magnetic field when current flows through it, or the motion of a magnet in a magnetic field induced by the conductor). By moving the conductor’s loop, its magnetic field affects the magnetic field of the other element, thereby causing increased electrical energy consumption.
But in the case of SRM motors, the situation is different. There is only one electromagnet, and the rotor is magnetically neutral. Therefore, the motion of the rotor does not influence the magnetic field of the excitation coil.
I have verified this through an experiment with an electromagnet in an LC circuit, where I allowed a metallic object to vibrate. The energy consumption without the vibrating object was the same as the energy consumption with the vibrating object. In both cases, the consumption was only due to Joule losses, and the mechanical energy produced appeared to be "extra."
That’s why I want to try connecting a two-phase stepper SRM motor to an LC circuit, where one part of the oscillation would pass rectified through one coil and the other part through the second coil (with an initial mechanical impulse provided by hand to start rotation). I want to monitor the energy consumption of the supplied pulses in the state without the rotor, with the rotor stationary, and during rotor rotation. Then I plan to connect a generator (e.g., a cheap BLDC motor), rectify the output, and measure the generated energy.
Equations describing the motion of a conductor in a magnetic field talk about the force acting on the conductor in the field but say nothing about a magnetically neutral ferromagnetic object affected by the induced magnetic field.
The result of my experiment with the electromagnet in an LC circuit suggests that if we were to use a superconductor and a lossless magnetic core in the LC circuit, it would oscillate indefinitely, and by placing an object made of lossless magnetic material near the electromagnet in the LC circuit, it would generate mechanical energy seemingly "out of nothing."
AI claims that SRM motors can operate with an efficiency of 95%—but that calculation considers only mechanical efficiency. Joule losses are not accounted for. I want to verify whether SRM motors could operate analogously to a heat pump, generating mechanical energy from something we currently don’t understand.

The concept of a power generator without moving parts.

2025-01-05T18:39:29.3370000

Hey guys.

For some time now, I've been thinking about the concept of a power generator with a rotating magnetic field controlled by a 3-phase sinusoidal inverter.

Nicholas Copernicus stopped the sun and moved the earth. And what would happen if in a traditional power generator with a stator and rotor, all moving parts were stopped and only the magnetic field moved using an inverter? I once played with a car alternator, I powered it with another engine. In it, I disconnected the voltage regulator from the brushes and powered the rotor itself through the brushes from a regulated power supply. The effect was that the voltage generated on the stator did not affect the power supply of the rotor itself in any way, but only the resistance on the shaft increased due to Lenz's law. My conclusions led me to the absolutely certain one truth that it is only the speed of change of the magnetic field over time that affects the generation of current in the stator and it has absolutely no effect on the power supply of the rotor itself! If only we could simulate a rotating field and have the frequency of this field's rotation regulated over time, we would get rid of the Lenz effect and shaft resistance, because everything would be stationary except the magnetic field itself.
I am very interested in your opinion, suggestions on this subject, what else should be changed so that the system has a chance of success.

https://perso.univ-lyon1.fr/charles.joubert/web_anim/simen_rotfield_create.html

Greetings in the New Year.

Permanent magnet motors and their similarities.

2024-09-08T12:40:09.7170000

Hello everyone.

At Jagau's request, I am creating a new thread here for permanent magnet motors. Any similarities to other machines can also be discussed here. Don't hold back, every post is important here!

About electric motors, generators and magnetism

2024-09-11T00:44:28.6170000

In this thread I will present some video material from Peter Lindemanns Movie “Electric motor secrets”. As the videos found on You tube had a synchronisation issue with the video and soundtracks it was very hard to understand and follow the presented material, so I will post here the edited video in three parts. It should give some inspiration to discuss the presented concepts and ideas, verify with own experiments and try to figure out some more secrets about magnetism and its interaction with electric current.

So here are the three videos “Electric motor secrets”:

https://youtu.be/0yYLV_AEbtA

https://youtu.be/SztQmtbEcrU

https://youtu.be/L6k2iLo1WKM

In the second part I have commented a few things, which reflect only my personal opinion, but as far as possible I will try to present experimental results proof the statements.

Find attached below the patents of Robert Teals Magnipulsion engine:

Teslas self-acting engine

2024-08-19T12:05:53.4830000

Teslas self-acting Engine?

The thermodynamic device described below Is really a curiosity, I found the description many years ago in a publication by Patric Kelly, who did a very extended journalistic work on the so-called free energy devices. This one called really my attention.

In contrast to the conventional and well-known machines as the Stirling motor or the thermoacoustic resonator this weird motor does not need a cold pole to work.

Lately several videos from Peter Lindemann have been released to general public, here I learned about Teslas idea to tap into the vast thermal energy contained in the atmosphere with the self-acting engine. It seems that there are uncountable of devices already made and continued in manufacturing, only they are intended for another purpose: burning fossil fuels!

It was reported that some researchers had worked with four stroke IC engines. Their identity was not exposed, therefore I don’t know to whom give the credit for this work. They had removed the carburettor and ignition system from a small engine of approximately 300ccm displacement and injected water mist into the intake. After several tries the motor started to run. They stated that it was not easy to start, but once succeeded, the motor continued rotating at idling speed. The ambient temperature was around 25 degrees C, and the exhaust temperature was measured at -8 degrees C. It has been stated that the size of the water mist droplets had to be adjusted to get the effect and the engine had to be at ambient temperature.

I will give a possible explanation of the thermodynamic principle that could produce such an effect:

In the first stroke of the engine warm ambient air mixed with water mist is taken into the cylinder. In the second stroke the mixture is compressed and therefore the air temperature rises to a few hundred degrees C. The heat is transferred to the water droplets. But as the pressure is high, the droplets can’t evaporate still. In the third stroke the temperature of the air decreases, and simultaneously the (hot) water droplets start evaporating and maintaining the pressure at a higher value during the working stroke. Ideally at final of this stroke all the water would have changed into gaseous state, below the ambient temperature, and is in the fourth cycle expelled to the exhaust. Then the next cycle starts…

Let’s review the important parts of the cycle.

There are two thermodynamic principles to be considered, first the properties of a gaseous medium, which manifests as a proportional relationship between pressure and temperature, also called an adiabatic process. This means simply that the temperature rises when the pressure of the medium increases, and vice versa. The second principle relates to the properties of a medium when it changes its state of aggregation. It is known, that a medium in liquid state of aggregation do not have the proportional relationship between temperature and pressure mentioned above. Despite of changes of pressure, the temperature of a liquid will not change. But what changes is the point of ebullition (of liquid) and condensation (of vapor). We also know that a transfer of energy occurs with the change of the state of aggregation. One mol of steam contains more energy than one mol of liquid water.

Let us analyse the process in this context:

The energy to be harnessed is contained in the warm ambient air and the water mist at ambient temperature. During the cycle of compression, the pressure in the cylinder increases, and also the temperature of the air. The water droplets(liquid) do not heat up cause of the increased pressure, but they absorb the heat energy of the compressed air. There is a transfer of energy from the gaseous medium to the liquid droplets. When the piston passed the upper dead point the pressure starts to decrease, and the hot water droplets evaporate. This causes that the pressure becomes asymmetric in relation to the compression cycle, which means that during the working cycle the pressure will be sustained at a higher value for a longer period of time due to the evaporation of the droplets. In this part of the process the expanding air, which has transferred its thermal energy to the water droplets, cools down to a lower temperature than that of the ambient. Simultaneously the evaporating droplets transform the retained heat energy in pressure, causing the propulsion of the piston. From the exhaust the cold air mixed with water vapor (still in gaseous state) is expelled.

If the concept can be proved as valid, it would be straightforward to develop adequate engineer solutions for practical implementations.

Hopefully it will be of some practical use or as instructive example.

Regards

Holcomb Energy System

2022-11-22T10:36:03.9870000

Your browser does not support the video tag.

What I do not yet understand about this concept is that it seems so straightforward, I cannot fathom half of us on this forum haven't stumbled upon it even by accident. So my real question then is: Are devices like this created and promoted by the intelligence community just to keep us chasing our tails?

Alberto Molina-Martinez principle (The Rotating Magnetic Field used for Induction)

2023-03-30T20:44:14.9800000

Hello everyone,

There is this concept that has been pressing me for years now and because I have found extremely low information on it, I have decided to share it with you. It is about the principle of the rotating magnetic field being produced by an induction motors stator for example, but instead of inducing a current in the rotor bars it induces a current in a specially designed coil that is wound on a core and positioned where the usual rotor is supposed to be. I have attached the patent of Alberto MOLINA-MARTINEZ, which describes in detail the principle. I have been trying to build it and the simple way to go around it would be to take a 3 Phase induction stator and build basically only the "rotor" part. In order to build that part, I need laser cutting services for silicon steel sheets (0.3 - 0.5 mm thick), which I cannot find in my area. At the moment I am stuck with this project, construction-wise. Until I get moving, I wanted to discuss one main aspect of this machine and that is:
*Is the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator, inducing current in the secondary part by flux linkage or flux cutting? If it is flux linkage the whole thing would be a transformer, an inefficient one because of the air gap between the parts and the low frequency (50Hz). If it is flux cutting, then it is a generator and in theory, it should be very efficient mainly because we are not moving mechanically a piece of magnetized metal near an electrical conductor. The only thing that moves is the flux. Also, in the case of flux cutting, the stator input should be independent of the "rotor's" output as in the case of a car alternator (I have one car alternator laying around and to energize the electromagnet it is required 12V at 5A, but the output, when the electromagnet is mechanically moved of course, can be as high as 12V at 36A, so there is no electrical input power vs electrical output power "equality"). I am judging that this car alternator analogy would be the same for the device we are discussing here, but once again, we should have an advantage because we are not moving the flux mechanically.
I want to hear your thoughts on this, if you have more details about the device, maybe you have built it, etc.

All the best,
Vasile

Natural Resonance Frequency

2023-05-28T01:55:09.0800000

Hello,

Many times we are talking about the resonance frequency when describing our devices.

But do we really understand what natural resonance frequency really means and what advantages it provides to our devices ?

Let's see...

Any object have a natural resonance frequency. When two objects have the same resonance frequency we can see both reacting in the same way when we do a action on one of them.

Let's start with sound resonance frequency:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyBGSMxPSG0

The input used to produce the sound is the same. But when the frequency of the sound is not matching the resonance frequency of the glass there is no energy produced in the glass so the input energy is wasted.

But when the frequency of the sound is matching the resonance frequency of the glass there is so much energy produced in the glass that it is destroyed.

Notice how the input energy is the same in both situations but the wood stick starts to jump around only at the natural resonance frequency of the glass !

Your browser does not support the video tag.

We can see the force applied to the first object is the same every time. But at resonance frequency there is action at distance with no physical contact. Both objects are reacting like both of them are hit !

So we saw what natural sound resonance frequency means for some objects made of glass or metal.

But think what natural magnetic resonance means for the devices we're building and experimenting with !

Everything in our devices have its own natural magnetic resonance. Coils, cores, everything...

You want to know how to use the natural resonance of the coils to multiply the input energy without actually affecting the input or even decresing the input ? Just like I shown in my experiements with ZPM and also our members shown with their ZPM replications ?

Below is a 30 minutes video showing you how to do exactly that. The video on YouTube is here but just to make sure we'll still have it even if it disappears from YouTube I've made a copy of it and I uploaded it on our server.

While you watch it always please keep looking at the power meter showing the energy used for input.

Even if it's a long video I guarantee you gonna learn a lot about the natural frequency of the coils and how we can use it in our devices to our advange and to have multiple output loads without affecting the input or even decreasing the input. You'll not gonna regret any minute spent watching this demonstration:

Your browser does not support the video tag.

So, after watching the video, what do you think ? How many loads can we have on output without affecting the input ? 😉

Remember what one of our great teachers, Tom Bearden, told us: "Don't kill the dipole !". Now, after learning all these about the natural resonance frequency, it gives a whole new meaning/understanding to Tom's advice, isn't it ?..

Now we can understand better what's going on in our devices at resonance frequency and how to use it in our experiments !

Edit: I'm adding here a link related to resonance frequency. Sorry, I forgot about it when I created this post:

What is Resonance ? Tesla vs. Steinmetz

Quoting a fragment from the reference link above:

“Standing waves don't form under just any circumstances. They require that energy be fed into a system at an appropriate frequency. That is, when the driving frequency applied to a system equals its natural frequency. This condition is known as resonance. Standing waves are always associated with resonance. Resonance can be identified by a dramatic increase in amplitude of the resultant vibrations.

Regards,

Fighter

Standing Waves

2023-05-28T00:30:39.5170000

Hello,

This post is taken from our secondary/backup forum, we need to have this information here.

Many of our devices, if not all of them, are producing high-frequency standing waves.

I observed them also on ZPM's output during the experiments here:

And here is the simplest and the most clear demonstration of what standing waves can do when our device is designed and tuned for producing them and taking advantage of their power:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6o1waT7Wyw

The demonstration is made by a free-energy researcher from Greece named Eleman.

Also there is a website which provide some very interesting explanations about standing waves here:

https://davnxs.wixsite.com/teslatechexplained/page-1

Regards,

Fighter

Magnetic Flux Switching

2023-05-07T14:06:13.5070000

Hello,

I've put together a video containing experiments related to the concept of switching magnetic flux.

This could be useful for researchers experimenting with devices like Tom Bearden's MEG.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_opZlXlSaA

Also there is another video from my own experiments during the MEG replication attempts:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmhrvbeROEQ

More videos related to this concept could be added here.

Regards,

Fighter

One Plus One Minus One

2022-10-28T20:52:37.3570000

My friends,

Long time no talk, I had some rough time like everyone. This is an update of the OnePlusOneMinusOne setup, based on Non-Inductive Coil experiment video 7 :

Your browser does not support the video tag.

I added an extra coil and I noticed if I short it, it increases the output voltage. There are lots of details that I modified from the POC setup Chris was using and I did them to solve specific issues.

After I'll make the most out of it I'll drop a full schema and details disclosure.

A detail: the blue current is peaking around 0.3 amps and the yellow current trace is using the same measurement scale.

I'm still active in experiments, but I lack the time to post. Hopefully, that will change!

Stay strong!

Concepts of "OU" devices

2022-11-27T00:02:34.0070000

As promised I will import this thread from the backup forum. In first place I want to give credit and express my gratitude to Sergei Deyna, a great Researcher from Russia. He has made a huge number of experiments in diverse areas of physics, and published many papers from which I have used some parts for posting in the forums with his kind permission.

In this thread we will have a look on some basic concepts and principles of AU devices. It is well known from Newtons theory about thermodynamics, that energy cannot be created or destroyed. But it can be transformed in different forms, and it can be collected for our purposes. So if we want to understand, or replicate, or design such a machine, in first place we have to ask two key questions:

1.) Where does the surplus energy come from?

2.)How does this happen, what are the involved physical principles?

Let's take as an example a well-known and accepted AU machine, the heat pump. I think most of you know about this device, which is widely implemented in refrigerators, heating systems, or reversible air-conditioning devices which can operate in both directions. It is well known by engineers, that a modern heat pump can have a COP up to 6( for heating systems with liquid medium temperature exchanger's) . That means for one unit electric power , six units of thermal energy can be obtained. Refrigerators use the very same system, but the obtained heat energy is just wasted without using it.

For the first question it is quite obvious that the extra energy comes from the thermal background energy of the environment (air, water, earth ).

The second question is also not very difficult if someone has some basic information about thermodynamics.

Anyway a detailed analysis will help us for better understanding and give some inspiration for other less known and accepted machines.

We have two main parameters, temperature and pressure.

Under normal circumstances they will have proportional relationship, any increase in pressure will rise the temperature and vice versa.

This relates to a closed system, which does not interchange Energy with the environment, and is also called an adiabatic process. To get a non-adiabatic process, which is of our interest, some specific conditions have to be present. Of course the temperature exchangers on the hot and cold side are required in hardware, as well as a closed circuit filled with a medium. It can be any gas in our case, but for better performance special refrigerant is used, which will experience a change of its state of aggregate from gas to liquid and back, which increases the heat transfer by orders of magnitude. Then we need to create a difference of pressure inside the circuit, usually a compressor will provide the propulsion of the medium, and a release valve will help to divide the circuit into two zones of different pressure. A heat exchanger will be placed in in each zone of pressure.

This setup produces a shift of phase between pressure and temperature, and this is what is making the process non adiabatic, and allows to transfer heat energy from a lower temperature level to a higher one, making possible all the before mentioned practical implementations of this devices.

Now let's make an analysis of another thermodynamic device:

There is another way to create a heat pump without a compressor and refrigerant, in which the working fluid itself (for example, gas) becomes a source of temperature differences and, under certain conditions, is capable of performing mechanical work itself.

Since all thermal phenomena are reversible, then by supplying thermal energy to the machine, mechanical work can be obtained at the output. Such devices are usually called thermoacoustic motors.

The simplest thermoacoustic machine consists of a resonator in the form of a tube and a regenerator made of a porous material, on the sides of which a temperature difference is created. In the simplest case, the regenerator can be a burner inserted inside the resonator (in the form of a vertically mounted glass tube) or a heated metal porous mesh, as shown in the figure below.

The optimal position of the flame is in the centre of the resonator, and the grid is approximately L / 4 distance from the lower end.

The heat engine or thermoacoustic machine is of special interest for us, as it will help us to understand and draw analogy to various types of electrical self-feeding devices, which uses the principles of resonance.

The theory of the effect under consideration was created by Rayleigh in 1878, in which he discovered the principle that currently underlies all thermoacoustic.

And so, we will compare the principles of operation of the heat pump (generator) and the heat engine:

1) if heat is transferred to the gas at the moment of maximum rarefaction and/or heat is taken away at the moment of maximum compression , then this stimulates the transfer of heat energy.

The thermodynamic phenomenon underlying thermoacoustic is reversible.

The principle of operation of a heat engine :

2) if heat is transferred to the gas at the moment of maximum compression and / or heat is taken away at the moment of maximum rarefaction, then this stimulates gas oscillations.

The thermoacoustic device can be based on two modes of resonant oscillations, on standing waves or on traveling waves.

Here standing wave device with the graphs for displacement, pressure and temperature:

Below we can see a travelling wave device.

And in this video you can see a traveling wave resonator, which is used to produce electric energy from the vibrations of an attached magnet:

https://youtu.be/F2cTgt9WEBE

An interesting point is that a standing wave will be established in a half-wave resonator, when pressure and displacement will perform harmonic oscillations. But in addition to pressure and displacement, the working fluid in the resonator also changes the temperature according to a sinusoidal law, especially in the pressure antinodes. Depending on whether the ends of the resonator are open or closed, the pressure antinodes will be located either in the centre of the resonator or at its ends, respectively. The illustration below shows diagrams in which pressure antinodes are visible at the edges and in the centre.

The hydraulic RAM pump is an example for a self-oscillating device, that uses a non-compressible medium to collect energy from a low level source and shift it to a higher one, more suitable for our purposes. There are many different ways to get free energy. Some relative simple to do, others much more complex. Why there are such few replications of the BTG devices from Ruslan, Akula, Kapanazde to name only a few? Are we all that silly that we are not able to replicate? I don't think so, first there are needed skills of various types to build them, and second, and this is the most important cause, we do not completely understand the theories and underlying principles. And this is the main purpose of this thread, to fill the gaps of knowledge.

The reason for analysing the thermodynamic devices is that they will help to draw analogy to the electrical machines, and understand intuitively what's going on.(left brain hemisphere). Thinking about the inconvenience with certain areas of textbook physics, I decided to decline to open disputes against them, as this would only lead to unfruitful discussion with those who are not ready to abandon the obsolete ideas. Instead I will simply trying to show alternative ways of explanations, and try to fit all together in a broader view.

In continuation we will begin to look for the analogies to the electric generators which are based on the principles of resonance for energy collection.