Chris's Replication of Fighters ZPM

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Chris posted this 3 weeks ago

My Friends,

I promised Fighter that I would Replicate and Share my Replication of his ZPM.

I am going to start with the same type of configuration Fighter used, 300 Turns, and 150 Turns and using the same Circuit:

 

Here is a picture of the setup:

 

I need to re-wind the Coils, I do not know how many turns on the Coils and also one end is broken off! Sadly!

 

Coil Data:

  • L1: 623mH approximately 300 Turns, 30 turns x 10 layers.
  • L2: 183.7mH approximately 135 Turns. 30, 15 Turns 5 layers.
  • L1 - L2: 148mH, in Bucking Mode, CW CCW Windings.

 

This Turns Ratio gives me an approximate Relationship of:

 

Yes, because I have no more wire of this gauge, I am limited to 135 Turns, Fighter had 300 Turns and 150 Turns respectively, thus the Relationship was:

 

This will be a good test to further show: Proof of Coil Interactions following Antenna Theory is a Valid Relationship to these Coils!

Remembering the Right Hand Grip Rule:

 

Following, are the Results:

 

Scope Setup:

  • Yellow is Voltage.
  • Teal is Current.
  • Purple is Math.

 

After some testing and tuning, I have my first Waveform:

 

NOTE: My Resonant Frequency is: 79.602KHz and not the figure reported on the Scope Counter! My Duty Cycle is: 20% which is what we calculated: 1 / 5 = 0.2 x 100 = 20%.

This is a very close approximation of the: Proof of Coil Interactions following Antenna Theory, I believe this is sufficient proof to show we have a winner with this combination!

I believe I am pretty close to Fighters Waveform:

 

If I tune the Duty Cycle any Higher than 20%, up to 50% I loose some of the effect:

 

As you would expect, the Input goes way up! 

My Friends, I would like to note: My Video, posted long ago, shows a Sine Wave of sorts, when tuned also:

 

This was done many years ago now: Nov 3, 2014, oh no, I was such a Nube back then! An armature!

 

Input Power at 15 Volts Input:

 

PLEASE NOTE: The Spikes we can see here are a problem for the Scope to Measure!

Making Adjustment for the Scope to account for all the Spikes, in other words, account for all Data, with No Off Screen Data, we get a different set of Data:

 

Input is: -82.7 Watts. No wonder the Mosfet gets Hot!

Remember our situation with Positive Voltage and Negative Current? That's Negative Power:

 

Power = Voltage x Current x Cos(Theta)

= 150V x 50A x Cos(180)

= 150V x 50A x -1 = -7,500 Watts of Peak Power just in the Spike above!

 

 

Output Power at 15 Volts Input:

 

My Friends, we have already discussed, using a DC Source, we have a situation, where no Power Should be going back to the Source, DC is one Direction only, and we see something here that is not DC, Not one Direction!

Think of it like this:

The Input Line has a total power RMS of: 43.9 Watts, the Average reading is: 5.65 Watts, this means: 43.9 Watts - 5.65 Watts = 38.25 Watts is being shuttled back and forward between the Partnered Output Coils and the Source. Power used is: 5.65 Watts, Power on the Output, Power used is: 27.7 Watts, the Output is AC and the Globes are burning Real, In Phase, AC Power.

COP = 27.7 Watts / 5.65 Watts = 4.9

The Resistive Elements in the Output Circuit see Real, In Phase, AC Power of: 27.7 Watts! Not a Power that a DC Power Source can Supply!

 

I believe much better than this is possible. Literally, I have spent no more than 2 Hours on this Experiment! It has taken me longer to prepare the Information and post it here!

I would like to ask all Tier III Members to Replicate Fighters ZPM, I think it is an important step in the Learning Phase of Energy Machines! The more Experience gained, the further our Ideas can Travel!

I hope you see now, why I do not want any Leaches steeling our Data!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Jagau posted this 2 weeks ago

Just a question that fighter could maybe answer.
The coils are wound on each side of the central gap of the metglass core I believe and not on top of those ??
Jagau

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Fighter posted this 2 weeks ago

Hi,

I'm not sure if the position of the coils have or don't have a role in ZPM's functionality.

Also my ZPMs (both the prototype and the replica) have a distance of 3mm between the coils and the Metglas core because of the plexiglass coil supports being 3mm thick.

I'm not sure if these details have any importance in ZPM's functionality, considering it's more difficult to place the coil supports in these positions (I've made them by placing individual plexiglass pieces there and assembling the coil supports in-place using glue) I would say to keep the current position of the coils for now and see how the replica works.

Regards,

Fighter

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Jagau posted this 2 weeks ago

 thank you for responding accurately.
I am assembling the information relevant to this project that I will replicate soon,
With your LCR meter in capacitive mode, what capacity does your LCR meter give you, taking into account that the 2 coils are each a capacitor plate? If you don't have the info I'll look for it.


I will surely still need you Fighter ,

thank you for your help

@Chris

Your waveform are pertty close good work my friend


Jagau

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

My Friends,

I would kindly ask all who have not already, to re-read the First Post. I have posted all Data now and I think we should take this as far as we can!

I have triple checked, making sure I have not made any mistakes, pretty sure we are good! If you see anything, please let me know and I will fix!

Scope Probes were not changed at all from Input to Output Measurement!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Wistiti posted this 2 weeks ago

Wonderful work!!! Thanks guys for all what you are sharing! I'm slowly gathering all the parts needed for it and will replicate your ZPE Fighter as soon as I can. 🌞

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Fighter posted this 2 weeks ago

Hi Chris,

That's definitively the ZPM's waveform pattern ! Or if you prefer Graham Gunderson's waveform pattern, we saw it in its device first and I don't want to take credit for it.

I'm still analyzing the data but there are few things I'm thinking about already.

It's the first time I see a ZPM replica outside and it answers to some of my questions:

1. ZPM can be replicated with different equipment (different DC source, switching circuit etc.) so it's nothing specific there in my equipment which make it work; I always asked myself what if it's something in my DC source or in my MOSFET switching circuit which makes the ZPM work and which would make impossible to replicate ZPM with different equipment ?

2. The COP of my ZPMs is much lower, a bit higher than 1, there are three possibilities: I've made some mistake in my measurements (which I don't think so as I shown all the data with screenshots and everything), my measurement resistors on input and output were malfunctioning or your replication is more powerful; at this moment I should consider all these three possibilities.

3. With 4.9 COP it makes ZPM a potential candidate for self-running which I thought it's not possible with COP just a bit over 1 considering the inevitable loses involved in stabilizing the output power so we can redirect a part of it in the loop to the input.

4. I didn't expected to have so much power going back to the source, now I have a explanation of why so many MOSFETs were destroyed during my experiments, including some of the Cree MOSFETs; so that's the cause of that phenomenon, it has nothing to do with the switching capabilities of the MOSFETs.

These are the first thoughts in my mind right now but as I said I'm still analyzing the data, probably there will be more things which I need to think about, like if it's possible and how could the power sent back by ZPM could be used for a potential secondary output or maybe for self-powering it. And why all the electronics I tried to use on ZPM's output (like bridge rectifiers, diodes and capacitors) for rectification were destroyed in all my previous attempts to rectify the output power and make it DC ?

Thank you Chris for your replication and for giving me answers to the questions I had in my mind for some time about ZPM !

So ZPM has the potential to become a self-runner, even a very powerful one !

Regards,

Fighter

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Fighter posted this 2 weeks ago

@Jagau, right now I'm at work and I need to finish some code in a limited time.

I'll return with capacitance measurements as soon as I'll have some time to make the measurements.

Edit:

I calibrated my LCR, set it manually to measure capacitance and I let it chose automatically the frequency.

So measuring at the both ends of the coils it shows me 33.1pF@200KHz:

(link to larger image here)

Please keep in mind that I also have some wires connected to these both ends of the coils as you can see in the photos, I don't know if or how much these wires influence the measurement.

Is this the measurement you asked for ?

Regards,

Fighter

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Jagau posted this 2 weeks ago

Yes

Thank you verymuch Fighter

Jagau

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cd_sharp posted this 2 weeks ago

Hey, guys

I found that measuring the capacitance between the coils does not account for an RLC circuit oscillation. Just a speculation, I think the capacitance you are looking for could actually be between the magnetic fields of the coils, dynamically. I think magnetic fields are like solid material objects and that's why we can obtain capacitance between them.

The coils are wound on each side of the central gap of the metglass core I believe and not on top of those ??

Yes. The distance between the coils should be similar, so is the propagation delay. Here, we can see that we can make our life easier. It's important to properly design the device and this saves a lot of issues. Thanks Chris for this lesson!

Stay strong!

"It's just the knowledge of the coils and how they interact with each other" (Steven Mark)

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

My Friends,

@Fighter - It is common to doubt ones self, I have in my Journey, and its not a good thing to do! We need to be positive, making sure we Check, Double Check and Triple check our results at all times, ensuring what we are doing is accurate and worthy of further scrutiny.

I want to make this thread Public, but only when we have all achieved the same level of Success and Understanding.

All here will see all the concepts I have shared for a long time, all of them. Magnetic Resonance, Reduced Impedance Effect, Negative Power, Gain in Total Energy, Energy Gain in the Time Domain, and many more concepts!

EDIT:

I think magnetic fields are like solid material objects and that's why we can obtain capacitance between them.

 

@CD - Yes you're EXACTLY Correct: "Partnered Output Coils exhibit Capacity" A statement I have said many times before in one way or another!

How do you Calculate a COP with Negative Power on the Input? COP = Infinity?

Fighter, what you have build is a very good inception of Partnered Output Coils! It is a very important Experiment!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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cd_sharp posted this 2 weeks ago

Hey, guys

A statement I have said many times before in one way or another!

Yes, sorry for not crediting you. No bad intention, probably just lack of time and energy.

only when we have all achieved the same level of Success and Understanding

I hear you. I started on this right before you opened this thread without knowing your intentions. But I started on the wrong foot with a very small core and 60 / 30 turns ratio:

You proved there is no need to torture myself and put the coils on the extremities. I'll try my replica ASAP with AMCC 200.

How do you Calculate a COP with Negative Power on the Input? COP = Infinity?

Respectfully, I honestly don't care. I just need to have my own energy and be free. I don't care about showing off the COP of "my device" to try taking advantage on others.

Stay strong!

"It's just the knowledge of the coils and how they interact with each other" (Steven Mark)

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

Hey Cd,

Re:

Yes, sorry for not crediting you. No bad intention, probably just lack of time and energy.

 

I meant nothing by the statement, and I am pleased you pointed this out!

You are a good person and an excellent experimenter, you all are! You all are heading in the right Direction and this is very important!

The direction we all head in is important, it is a factor in the Success or Failure we achieve!

You are all hearing in the right direction!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

P.S: Thank You for Sharing! Great Work!

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

My Friends,

I am so proud of you all! I am so proud to call you My Friends! I am so proud we are working hard on this, toward a Common Goal!

I agree with CD, there is no competition here, we all have one goal, Succeed, most of us have already, but Improvement, I am sure Fighter would agree, is just as Important as the initial Success!

Today we may achieve 10 Watts AU, tomorrow we might have 100 Watts AU, but Powering Our Houses is the Main Goal!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Fighter posted this 2 weeks ago

You proved there is no need to torture myself and put the coils on the extremities.

That was not my intention

Remember ZPM was developed after I've tried for years to replicate Tom Bearden's MEG.

In my case the coil supports were already mounted there. Then when I've built the replica ("ZPM-2") I was thinking maybe the coils positions on the core are important in ZPM's functionality so I placed them in the same position just like in the prototype.

Regards,

Fighter

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

My Friends,

A little more playing around, and some Scope adjustment to get all data on Screen, I got this:

 

Input Data:

 

 

Output Data:

 

So, to be correct, we take Input Average: -32.7 Watts, and use the Output RMS, as on the Output, we have a Sinusoidal Waveform, of: 136 Watts, noting we have a greater Forward Power of: 11.7 Watts.

On the Rigol 1104Z on 2x Channels, I have a Bandwidth of 500MHz. You can see, in the top corner: 500Msa/S 30.0K pts. So the highest Bandwidth this Scope can do with 2 Channels.

Some of these spikes have huge Instantaneous Power in them! Nearly 10KW Peak Power!

 

This is on the Input Measurement Block: -1.63 Kilowatts!  Of Negative Power, not Positive Power, Power in the Spike going back to the Power Supply!

 

Of course, 0.1 x 1 = 0.1 x 10 = 1.0, so Current read is True and Correct across a 0.1 Ohm Resistor.

I have changed my Resonant Frequency: 66.262KHz now.

I cant wait to see your replications guys!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Fighter posted this 2 weeks ago

Some of these spikes have huge Instantaneous Power in them! Nearly 10KW Peak Power!

That's what destroyed my capacitors and bridge rectifiers when I tried to rectify the output...

And also some of the MOSFETs in the "black box"...

Chris, is this passing through MOSFETs and going back to the DC source ? If yes how does the DC source withstand this ?..

Note: Please be aware that if you change the load the optimal frequency will change. The optimal frequency depends on both the load and the duty-cycle.

NOTE-2: Everyone, please take all the precautions of electrical safety when experimenting !

No compromises or improvisations while running tests !

Regards,

Fighter

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

Hey Fighter,

Re your Question:

Chris, is this passing through MOSFETs and going back to the DC source ? If yes how does the DC source withstand this ?..

 

I have protection Diodes on the Mosfets, so not really, but the Fets still see this spike:

 

Where D1 is the protection Diode. Mine are: 1N5408, but Ultra Fast Diodes would be a better idea! Although many Fets and IGBT's have internal Diodes, it is still good to give them a little help!

Sorry for the dust! I should have dusted it!

If yes how does the DC source withstand this ?..

 

Yes, I agree, this is a Spike that could be very damaging! My DC Source is a Powertech MP3090:

It is a very hardy PSU and I am pleased I bought it. Never had a problem with it.

 

NOTE: @ 19 : 24 the 0.1 Ohm Industry Standard Current Sensing Resistors. wink

@Fighter is Correct! This could be very dangerous so please be careful! This sort of Power will hurt you and destroy equipment! Please be careful!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

My Friends,

I thought you may like to see the Mosfet Gate Signal:

 

Just over 15 Volts, at: 66.262Khz, clean tidy switching.

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

My Friends,

I need to report, I have seen an Earthing Problem on the Scope Ground.

Using this Circuit to measure the Output:

 

I see an Increase on the Input by 500ma approximately:

 

So not a lot, but this means the Measurements are off by a ways, 400+ mA is a lot in these machines and this can make a significant change.

 

Results with an Isolated Scope:

 

Isolating the Scope did fix the Input Power Issue, but I see another issue now. I loose the Resonant Sine Wave on the Output:

 

Input Readings:

 

Output Readings:

 

This is an example of some Machines working better when there is an Earth Ground!

So still seeing good results, just do not see an Ideal Resonance situation! The Isolated Scope situation has changed the Ideal Operation of the ZPM!

Yes, I am still seeing a very large Negative Spike:

 

About 7 Kilowatts Peak Power.

During the course of Time, we see a Gain in Total Power by: -42.5 Watts +  22.8 Watts = 65.3 Watts total output from a Few Small Coils!

What's my Input:

 

It is undetermined using this Circuit!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Jagau posted this 2 weeks ago

Hi Chris
I noticed this fact while analyzing the cicuit here:

Each time the mosfet closes, I.E. the source (ground) connects to the drain (on time) then the scope ground (probe 1x) runs your power supply ground it is like a ground loop with scope and power supply.
From there comes the increase.
You should absolutely leave the scope ground (porbe 1x) on the mosfet's source at all times for good measure.

Or another way to avoid that,more dispendious, have an isolation transformer for your scope and one different isolation transformer for your P.S.

jagau

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

Hi Jagau,

I fixed the problem, see the last post. We spoke of this in Fighters ZPM Thread Here. My Bad, the Scope is now fully Isolated! wink

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

My Friends,

In the following Configuration:

 

 

Input Power:

 

 

Output Power:

 

In this Configuration:

 

Input Power:

 

Output Power:

 

Sorry, tired, did not sleep well, not paying very much attention today:

Really, this set of Data does not mean much, because there is no Magnetic Resonance here. I need to find Magnetic Resonance and re-test the ZPM.

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

My Friends,

I want to apologise, I have tried with great effort to get work up and share, but being Tired, I make mistakes. I have triple checked all Data, but I did make a few small mistakes along the way!

Fighters ZPM has a ton of promise, but one drawback, its a difficult machine to get accurate Measurements on, both Input and Output. Although I can show good measurements most of the time, I think we need a path that can give us better Results more Conclusively.

I suggest Complete Electrical Isolation from Input Circuit to Output Circuit.

I will have more coming very soon, I am in the process of Building a small Mockup Device to show Proof of Concept. A toy to show Results.

More on this soon - I believe the best Place to put this will be in the Thread: Chris's Electromagnetic Charge Pump Experiment

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Jagau posted this 2 weeks ago

I suggest Complete Electrical Isolation from Input Circuit to Output Circuit.

Yes I agree with you, that's why it takes me longer to produce the oscillator circuit (battery apart) which will be completely isolated and it will be easier to take measurements and it is moving fast I will soon get there.

Jagau

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Chris posted this 2 weeks ago

My Friends,

I believe this Thread answers many questions even some before us did not have:

 

Notice the Comment about "Adjusting the Duty Cycle", the Coils Rise over Run, the Time the Coil has a Changing Current, well we know why this is important! We know why the Duty Cycle is Important and how to get the best approximation of it.

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Chris posted this 1 weeks ago

My Friends,

I tried Fighters Suggestion here:

Hi Jagau,

You may also try the frequency sweep procedure to find the optimal frequency for your ZPM replica.

The procedure will get close to that frequency then you may adjust it manually until you see there is a minimum current consumption displayed on your DC source.

 

I don't know if the result will be the same (72.3 KHz) but the goal is to obtain the minimum current consumption on the input.

With my ZPMs (both the prototype and the replica) the frequency is well above 100 KHz but you'll find out that frequency is variable, depending on the load you place on the output and also depending on duty-cycle.

Regards,

Fighter

 

But I get very little Output power, not enough to light my Globes.

Without an Earth Ground, I can not get the Coils to go into Resonance like Fighter did:

 

I can do this easy with an Earth Ground.

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Fighter posted this 1 weeks ago

So without ground on the power sockets this doesn't work ?.. I didn't knew this.

Thanks Chris, this is a new information about ZPM !

Regards,

Fighter

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cd_sharp posted this 1 weeks ago

Hey, buddy

I think this issue is what I'm seeing also. So, in this schema, if you remove the Earth connection, you loose the Magnetic Resonance and cannot get it back?

I have my ZPM floating, the green socket is disconnected from the black one. If I reconnect them, I'm afraid to hook my 'scope into the device as I do not have an isolation transformer yet.

Stay strong!

"It's just the knowledge of the coils and how they interact with each other" (Steven Mark)

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Vidura posted this 1 weeks ago

Hey Friends, great team effort.
The earth ground fixes the position of the wave nodes and antinodes, I think it is necessary having the device grounding with a fixed earth ground connection or Ballast to achieve stable operation. Obviously the scope probes interferes unless using isolated probes.

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Chris posted this 1 weeks ago

Hey Guys,

@Fighter and CD - Yes it appears so, I believe Fighters ZPM is still Aboveunity, but in Optimal Configuration, when there is a Earth Ground on the Coils directly, I get better Results.

High Side Switching with an Earth Ground on the Coils may be a possibility, I will try today.

@Vidura - Yes, when we all work together toward the same common goal, achievements can be made!

There is Prommise here! Thats for sure!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Fighter posted this 6 days ago

I have my ZPM floating, the green socket is disconnected from the black one. If I reconnect them, I'm afraid to hook my 'scope into the device as I do not have an isolation transformer yet.

But without oscilloscope connected, when you have ground connection does the frequency sweep procedure works ?

If it works you may find the optimum frequency of your ZPM, get it in resonance and then adjust it manually until you see minimal current consumption  on input shown by your DC source's display.

Regards,

Fighter

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Chris posted this 6 days ago

Hey Guys,

The introduction of a Capacitor may be worth while, but then we start changing Fighters ZPM.

Increasing the total Current through the Coils will change the way the Coils interact together, we need to think more broadly about how these Magnetic Fields are Interacting, to get a better end result.

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Fighter posted this 6 days ago

Hi guys,

The introduction of a Capacitor may be worth while, but then we start changing Fighters ZPM.

Just to clarify something: modifying ZPM is okay, it's enhancement. It's not like it happens with patented devices where any modification requires inventor's approval. The ZPM device is public domain and will remain so, any modifications will be also become public domain.

That's why I did bring it here, for collaboration in enhancing it to the final goal to make it a self-running device.

I know I don't have your advanced knowledge in physics and electronics and I admit this is my weakness.

Until now my experiments I did some time ago in trying to rectify ZPM's output failed: the diodes or capacitors or bridge rectifiers were destroyed. I didn't gave up on my tries, I intend to try again.

So any ideas, experiments or proposal to the goal of self-powering is more than welcomed.

For example Vidura said something which made me thinking:

The earth ground fixes the position of the wave nodes and antinodes, I think it is necessary having the device grounding with a fixed earth ground connection or Ballast to achieve stable operation.

So as Chris just discovered the requirement of grounding for ZPM (which I wasn't aware about) also maybe there is a possibility to eliminate that requirement by using Ballast for stable operation as suggested by Vidura ? That would eliminate a variable: the variable quality of the grounding connection which (maybe) could destabilize the functionality of the device.

Also by removing the grounding requirement would make it a mobile (hopefully self-powered) device.

I find this very interesting.

Note: The only thing I ask is: any modification/enhancement should be shared with the team here.

Consider this as a gentlemen's agreement.

Regards,

Fighter

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Chris posted this 6 days ago

@All,

I TOTALLY Agree:

Note: The only thing I ask is: any modification/enhancement should be shared with the team here.

Consider this as a gentlemen's agreement.

 

You know, I consider our Team very close, we all have a very similar work ethic and a similar path moving forward! We all support each other and we work to help each other!

At this point we should be sharing our work with each other, and I hope you see how much I have done and shared here already.

We are not going to progress if we start keeping secrets!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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cd_sharp posted this 6 days ago

Hey, guys

The introduction of a Capacitor may be worth while

@Chris, I guess you are referring to a DC cap, right?

Stay strong!

"It's just the knowledge of the coils and how they interact with each other" (Steven Mark)

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Chris posted this 6 days ago

@CD,

No, I was thinking an AC Cap, or two DC Caps back to back, making an AC Cap.. to get resonance up and increase internal Currents, being that Current I through Turn N is MMF and we want to increase the MMF doing Work, to observe the Correct Coil Interactions.

Wistiti and I did post about this some time back, I forget where atm, one place was here: Current and Voltage Amplification key to Energy Machines

We had another Circuit that I was showing, this is the Image, but I am unable to fine where I posted it, atm:

Image Name: a00e818a-ad42-490e-8aa6-a8ea017c0d36_magnetic-resonance.jpg

 

Generally, I would say not needed, an external Capacitor, but this may be an exception.

Soon, I will be explaining this Circuit:

 

Posted here: Chris's Electromagnetic Charge Pump Experiment

It looks like our old friend Solarlab has gotten himself into a bit of trouble Here. A shame, but was on the cards!

Best Wishes,

   Chris

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Chris posted this 4 days ago

My Friends,

I do not want to turn Fighters ZPM into anything other than what it is, so I am hesitant to suggest more Suggestions for the moment.

Most have had some trouble getting the Sinusoidal Waveform except if we have a common Ground between the POC and the Input Switching Circuitry. So, for this reason, I suggest a further look at the Resonance Required for Energy Machines.

If we take some examples from History, Tariel Kapanadze's early machines:

 

We have two types of Interactions occurring:

  • LCR Resonance, which I believe is tuned for the Coils Resonance. Related to Antenna Theory.
  • Spark Gap Resonance - Moving Lower Orbital Electrons up to Higher Orbitals, allowing them to be Accelerated.

 

You could break this down to two Circuits:

 

Which is the basic Circuit for the Tesla Transformer, and the Second Circuit:

 

Now we have seen this before:

 

And the Circuits Ruslan gave us:

 

Note: I believe the Spark Gap or a very narrow Pulse, does something amazing to the Electrons in the Copper Wire, Freeing them, making More Electrons become available for movement or Acceleration.

I tried to point this out here: Chris's replication of Andrey Melnichenko's GLED

Now, I definitely do not wish to change anyone's path here, all I want to do, is try to make this easier, and make suggestions that may or may not be taken onboard.

I thought you guys might like this:

Best Wishes,

   Chris

 

P.S: This is also what I meant when I said about Isolating the POC from the Input: Here. I also show this Isolation in the Video, in the first Post on this Thread.

Remembering Magnetic Resonance is the Equal and Opposite Interactions between Two Coils. Normally, this would be the Partnered Output Coils.

P.P.S: There is a way around the: "Spark Gap Resonance", simply, Voltage is Generated.

As stressed in Section 15.2.3, the formation of cathode spots is characterised by a nanosecond time scale. This allows a broad field of applications in pulsed power technology, mainly to switch - on a current, where Fig 15.21 schematically illustrates some of these cases. The switches operate with a trigger that injects arc plasma into the gap (Fig 15.21(a)). This has two advantages. (i) Without injection, the device can withstand high voltages, but with injection, it is already able to close at low voltages, so the dynamic triggering range is much higher than with high pressure spark gaps. (ii) If the main current begins after the trigger plasma has filled the gap, the current rise rate is not limited by plasma expansion, i.e. in contrast to the case where plasma is produced solely by the switching current.

...

The Van de Graaff can be expanded to the tandem Van de Graaff, in which negative ions are accelerated to high voltage, then stripped of electrons so that they become positive ions and are accelerated back to ground, thus receiving twice the kinetic energy corresponding to the terminal potential. Cockroft–Walton and Marx generators can reach approximately 1 MV. Van de Graaff generators have reached 25 MV and tandems have accelerated particles to 50 MeV. This tandem Van de Graaff produces a higher energy, but with lower intensity because the process of stripping cannot be made perfectly efficient. The dc beam current in a single electrostatic generator can be as large as 10 to 20 μA, but in a tandem is of the order of 1 μA. An electrostatic generator installation, a tandem pelletron, is shown in Fig. 10.

Ref: Spark Gaps

 

Some of this has been pointed out in the Thread: Impulse Pressure Wave.

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Fighter posted this Just now

My Friends,

I managed to quite easily get the Waveform required:

 

However, my configuration required the Ground and the Correct Duty Cycle to achieve this!

My friends,

For anyone working in ZPM replication, since ZPM requires a ground connection in order to function properly (I didn't knew about this, it's Chris' discovery), I think any replication and testing should keep that ground connection.

I understand the need to isolate the instruments but isolating your ZPM replicas will change the device's behavior or it will simply not work as expected.

I don't know if it's possible to make it work without the ground connection, maybe it can be done in the future but for now basically measuring an isolated ZPM means measuring actually a totally different device.

While the ZPM-specific waveform is not present on the scope (and seems it's not without the ground connection) that means it's not actually working as expected so the measurements and calculated COP are irrelevant.

Just my opinion, I placed it here as it contains data from Chris' ZPM replication.

Regards,

Fighter

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